VLSI Research
Develops high-speed circuit technologies and design methods that enable novel architectures.
VLSI Research
VLSI Research
Develops high-speed circuit technologies and design methods that enable novel architectures.
Project Overview
We develop high-speed circuit technologies and design methods that enable novel architectures. Our circuit technologies include asynchronous circuits, low-power circuits, and communication links. Our design methods include intellectual tools and computer-aided design tools to help with circuit design, implementation, and testing.
The VLSI Research group dates back to the beginning of Sun Labs. In 1990, Sun Microsystems formed Sun Labs by acquiring the consulting firm of Sutherland, Sproull, and Associates. That year, Ivan Sutherland and Bob Sproull founded the Asynchronous Circuits Research Group in Sun Labs to continue their work in understanding and applying asynchronous circuits to system design. Ivan and Bob, now retired from Sun/Oracle, became Sun Fellows and Vice Presidents. Later, the group changed its name to the "VLSI Research Group" and broadened its research scope.
As a research lab, we prototype solutions to future problems that we predict will confront Oracle engineered systems. Our efforts are most active in high-performance and low-energy VLSI technologies and design methods, and our technology demonstrations involve fabricated silicon test chips, software code, and design and test methodologies. To date we've attacked problems in low-energy communications, both on-chip and between chips; highly scalable computer systems designs; memory and compute-in-memory packaging and system architectures; design optimization; and CAD tools.
We collaborate broadly with university partners and U.S. Government agencies, and many group members are active in international technology communities, such as technological conference committees, journal editorial boards, and international technology prize juries.
The VLSI group is also the development center for the open-source Electric VLSI Design System (manual and users).
Publications
Conference Publication
Design Considerations of Monolithically Integrated Voltage Regulators for Multicore Processors
Hesam Fathi Moghadam, Ji Eun Jang, Michael Dayringer, Ben Rak Amnouykit, Guanghua Shu, Anatoly Yakovlev, Yue Zhang, Robert Hopkins
Slides
Formal Verification of Division and Square Root Implementations, an Oracle Report
Jo Ebergen, David Rager, Dmitry Nadezhin, Austin Lee, Cuong Kim Chau, Ben Selfridge
Conference Publication
Flying and Decoupling Capacitance Optimization for Area-Constrained On-Chip Switched-Capacitor Voltage Regulators
Hesam Fathi Moghadam, Jae-sun Seo, Xiaoyang Mi
Conference Publication
Modeling and Design of System-in-Package Integrated Voltage Regulator with Thermal Effects
Hesam Fathi Moghadam, Don Draper
Conference Publication
Using an Accurate Multi-Mode Chip Power Model to Analyze Power Integrity Differences between On-Board Voltage Regulator Modules (VRMs) and In-Package Integrated Voltage Converts (IVRs)
Hesam Fathi Moghadam, Harish Gopalakrishnan, Ashwin Chintaluri
Conference Publication
Efficient techniques for canceling transceiver noise
Frankie Liu, Jon Lexau, Ron Ho
Misc
Dense WDM Silicon Photonic Interconnects for Compact High-end Computing Systems
A. Krishnamoorthy, G. Li, H. Schwetman, J. Lexau, D. Patil, F. Liu, P. Koka, M. McCracken, I. Shubin, H. Thacker, Y. Luo, K. Raj, R. Ho, J. Cunningham, J. Mitchell
In Proceedings
Hybrid integrated silicon photonic bridge chips for ultralow energy inter-chip communications
H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, J. Costa, J. Lexau, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Yao, D. Patil, F. Liu, R. Ho, T. Pinguet, P. Dong, D. Feng, M. Asghari, K. Raj, J. Mitchell, A. Krishnamoorthy, J. Cunningham
In Proceedings
Synchronizer Performance in Deep Sub-Micron Technology
Ian Jones, Mark Greenstreet, Suwen Yang
Conference Publication
A 4.6 GHz MDLL with -46dBc reference spur and aperture position tuning
T. Ali, A. Hafez, R. Drost, R. Ho, K. Yang
In Proceedings
Macrochip computer systems enabled by silicon photonic interconnects
K. Raj, A. Krishnamoorthy, J. Cunningham, X. Zheng, R. Ho
Book
Coupled Data Communication Techniques for High Performance and Low Power
R. Ho, R. Drost, (Eds.)
Misc
The integration of silicon photonics and VLSI electronics for computing and switching systems
A. Krishnamoorthy, R. Ho, X. Zheng, G. Li, M. Asghari, D. Feng, P. Dong, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Schwetman, J. Lexau, D. Patil, F. Liu, P. Koka, M. McCracken, I. Shubin, H. Thacker, Y. Luo, K. Raj, J. Mitchell, J. Cunningham
Misc
Low power silicon photonic transceivers
X. Zheng, J. Cunningham, R. Ho, J. Lexau, G. Li, Y. Luo, H. Thacker, J. Yao, F. Liu, D. Patil, P. Amberg, N. Pinckney, P. Dong, D. Feng, M. Asghari, A. Mekis, T. Pinguet, K. Raj, A. Krishnamoorthy
Conference Publication
On-chip CMOS position sensors using coherent detection
A. Chow, R. Ho, D. Hopkins, D. Popovic
Conference Publication
Employing coherent detection for on-chip six-axis position sensors
A. Chow, R. Ho, D. Hopkins, D. Popovic
In Proceedings
Breaking the picojoule-per-bit barrier
A. Krishnamoorthy, R. Ho, X. Zheng, G. Li, J. Cunningham, D. Feng, P. Dong, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Schwetman, J. Lexau, D. Patil, F. Liu, P. Koka, M. McCracken, I. Shubin, H. Thacker, J. Yao, Y. Luo, K. Raj, M. Asghari
Misc
Compacting high-end computing systems with dense WDM silicon photonic interconnects
A. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, P. Dong, D. Feng, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, H. Schwetman, J. Lexau, D. Patil, F. Liu, P. Koka, M. McCracken, I. Shubin, H. Thacker, Y. Luo, K. Raj, J. Mitchell, R. Ho, M. Asghari, J. Cunningham
Misc
Clocking links in multi-chip packages: a case study
T. Ali, D. Patil, F. Liu, E. Alon, J. Lexau, C.-K. K. Yang, R. Ho
In Proceedings
Ultra-low power silicon photonic transceivers for inter/intra-chip interconnects
X. Zheng, J. Cunningham, G. Li, Y. Luo, H. Thacker, J. Yao, R. Ho, J. Lexau, F. Liu, D. Patil, P. Amberg, N. Pinckney, P. Dong, D. Feng, M. Asghari, A. Mekis, T. Pinguet, K. Raj, A. Krishnamoorthy
Article
Optical interconnect for high-end computer systems
R. Ho, F. Liu, D. Patil, X. Zheng, G. Li, I. Shubin, E. Alon, J. Lexau, H. Schwetman, J. Cunningham, A. Krishnamoorthy
Article
A macrochip interconnection network enabled by silicon nanophotonic devices
X. Zheng, J. Cunningham, P. Koka, H. Schwetman, J. Lexau, R. Ho, I. Shubin, A. Krishnamoorthy, J. Yao, A. Mekis, T. Pinguet
Article
High bandwidth and low energy on-chip signaling with adaptive pre-emphasis in 90nm CMOS
J. Seo, R. Ho, J. Lexau, M. Dayringer, D. Sylvester, D. Blaauw
Conference Publication
Ultralow-power silicon photonic interconnect for high-performance computing systems
Guoliang Li, Xuezhe Zheng, Jon Lexau, Ying Luo, Hiren Thacker, Thierry Pinguet, Po Dong, Shirong Liao, Dazeng Feng, Roshanak Shafiiha, Mehdi Asghari, Jin Yao, Jing Shi, Ivan Shubin, Dinesh Patil, Frankie Liu, Kannan Raj, Ronald Ho, John Cunningham, Ashok Krishnamoorthy
Article
A sub-picojoule-per-bit CMOS photonic receiver for densely integrated systems
X. Zheng, F. Liu, D. Patil, H. Thacker, Y. Luo, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, J. Yao, G. Li, J. Shi, K. Raj, J. Lexau, E. Alon, R. Ho, J. Cunningham, A. Krishnamoorthy
Conference Publication
Ultralow-Power High-Performance Si Photonic Transmitter
Guoliang Li, Xuezhe Zheng, Jon Lexau, Ying Luo, Hiren Thacker, Po Dong, Shirong Liao, Dazeng Feng, Dawei Zheng, Roshanak Shafiiha, Mehdi Asghari, Jin Yao, Jing Shi, Philip Amberg, Nathaniel Pinckney, Kannan Raj, Ronald Ho, John Cunningham, Ashok Krishnamoorthy
Misc
A test platform for thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization of packages
J. Schauer, N. Pinckney, N. Nettleton, D. Popovic
Misc
An ultra-low power all CMOS Si photonic transmitter
X. Zheng, J. Lexau, Y. Luo, H. Thacker, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, G. Li, J. Shi, P. Amberg, N. Pinckney, K. Raj, R. Ho, J. Cunningham, A. Krishnamoorthy
In Proceedings
A Silicon photonic WDM network for high performance macrochip communications
X. Zheng, P. Koka, H. Schwetman, J. Lexau, R. Ho, I. Shubin, J. Cunningham, A. Krishnamoorthy
In Proceedings
Computing microsystems based on silicon photonic interconnects
A. Krishnamoorthy, R. Ho, X. Zheng, J. Lexau, P. Koka, G. Li, I. Shubin, J. Cunningham
Conference Publication
3D visualization of integrated circuits in the Electric VLSI design system
S. Rubin, G. Garreton
Conference Publication
Integrating novel packaging technologies for large-scale computer systems
J. Mitchell, J. Cunningham, A.V. Krishnamoorthy, R. Drost, R. Ho
Conference Publication
Flat tree networks
P. Khanduri, A. Wood, D. Cohen, I. Birkeli, F. Sem-Jacobsen
Conference Publication
Proximity interconnect flip-chip package with micron chip-to-chip alignment tolerances
T. Sze, M. Giere, B. Guenin, N. Nettleton, D. Popovic, R. Drost, R. Hopkins, R. Ho, S. Bezuk
Conference Publication
Novel Packaging with Rematable Spring Interconnect Chips for MCMs
I. Shubin, E.M. Chow, J. Cunningham, D. DeBruyker, C. Chua, B. Cheng, J. Knights, K. Sahasrabuddhe, Y. Luo, A. Chow, J. Simons, A. Krishnamoorthy, R. Hopkins, R. Drost, R. Ho, D. Douglas, J. Mitchell
Conference Publication
BGA package co-integration of electrical, optical, and capacitive interconnects
X. Zheng, J. Lexau, J. Cunningham, A. Krishnamoorthy, D. Rolston, R. Ho
In Proceedings
The integration of silicon photonics and VLSI electronics for computing systems intra-connect
A. Krishnamoorthy, R. Ho, X. Zheng, H. Schwetman, J. Lexau, P. Koka, G. Li, I. Shubin, J. Cunningham
Misc
Communication in macrochips using silicon photonics for high-performance and low-energy computing
J. Cunningham, A. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, G. Li, R. Ho, J. Lexau, I. Shubin, K. Raj
Misc
Enabling Technologies for Multi-Chip Integration using Proximity Communication
A. Chow, R. Hopkins, R. Drost, R. Ho
In Proceedings
Fault-tolerant distributed algorithms on VLSI chips
B. Charron-Bost, S. Dolev, J. Ebergen, U. Schmid
In Proceedings
High-radix crossbar switches enabled by proximity communication
H. Eberle, P. Garcia, J. Flich, J. Duato, R. Drost, N. Gura, R. Hopkins, W. Olesinki
Conference Publication
Silicon photonic WDM point-to-point network for multi-chip processor interconnects
X. Zheng, P. Koka, H. Schwetman, J. Lexau, R. Ho, J. Cunningham, A. Krishnamoorthy
Conference Publication
Optical proximity communication in packaged SiPhotonics
J. Cunningham, X. Zheng, I. Shubin, R. Ho, J. Lexau, A. Krishnamoorthy, M. Asghari, D. Feng, J. Luff, H. Liang, C. Kung
Misc
Optical interconnects for present and future high-performance computer systems
A. Krishnamoorthy, J. Lexau, X. Zheng, J. Cunningham, R. Ho, and O. Torrudbakken
Misc
Ultrascale Nanophotonic Intrachip Communication for high-performance computing systems
A. Krishnamoorthy, J. Cunningham, X. Zheng, G. Li, I. Shubin, J. Li, R. Ho, J. Lexau, H. Schwetman, P. Koka, B. O'Krafka, A. Charlesworth
Misc
Exploiting capacitors in high-performance computer systems
A. Chow, D. Hopkins, R. Drost, R. Ho
In Proceedings
OpenSPARC: An Open Platform for Hardware Reliability Experimentation
I. Parulkar, A. Wood, J. Hoe, B. Falsafi, S. Adve, J. Torrellas, S. Mitra
Misc
Research in Industrial Labs: How Collaboration Aids Innovation, (RealMedia video) (QuickTime video)
T. Ono, G. Garreton
Article
High-speed and low-energy capacitively-driven wires
R. Ho, T. Ono, F. Liu, R. Hopkins, A. Chow, J. Schauer, R. Drost
Article
Research challenges for on-chip interconnection networks
J. Owens, W. Dally, R. Ho, D. Jayasimha, S. Keckler, L-S. Peh
Conference Publication
Measuring 6D chip alignment in multi-chip packages
A. Chow, R. Hopkins, R. Ho, R. Drost
Conference Publication
Potentials of Group IV Photonics Interconnects for 'Red-shift' Computing Applications
A. Krishnamoorthy, R. Ho, B. O'Krafka, J. Cunningham, J. Lexau, X. Zheng
Misc
Multi-terabit switch fabrics enabled by Proximity Communication
H. Eberle, A. Chow, B. Coates, J. Cunningham, R. Drost, J. Ebergen, S. Fairbanks, J. Gainsley, N. Gura, R. Ho, R. Hopkins, A. Krishnamoorthy, J. Lexau, W. Olesinski, T. Ono, J. Schauer
Misc
Optics for next-generation computing systems
J. Cunningham, A. Krishnamoorthy, X. Zheng, R. Ho, J. Lexau, J. Mitchell, M. Asghari, D. Feng, H. Lei, C. Kung, H. Liang, I. Shubin
Misc
Robust energy-efficient adder topologies
D. Patil, O. Azizi, M. Horowitz, R. Ho, R. Anantharaman
Conference Publication
CMOS integration of capacitive, optical, and electrical interconnects
J. Lexau, X. Zheng, J. Bergey, A. Krishnamoorthy, R. Ho, R. Drost, J. Cunningham
Article
Optical transceiver chips based on co-integration of capacitively-coupled proximity interconnects and VCSELs
X. Zheng, J. Lexau, J. Bergey, J. Cunningham, R. Ho, R. Drost, A. Krishnamoorthy
Slides
A configurable asynchronous pseudorandom bit sequence generator
A. Chow, W. Coates, R. Hopkins
Article
High-speed and low-energy capacitively-driven wires
R. Ho, T. Ono, F. Liu, R. Hopkins, A. Chow, J. Schauer, R. Drost
Article
Circuit techniques to enable 430 Gb/s/mm2 Proximity Communication
R. Hopkins, A. Chow, R. Bosnyak, B. Coates, J. Ebergen, S. Fairbanks, J. Gainsley, R. Ho, J. Lexau, F. Liu, T. Ono, J. Schauer, I. Sutherland, R. Drost
Slides
An asynchronous high-throughput control circuit for proximity communication
J. Ebergen, A. Chow, B. Coates, J. Schauer, R. Hopkins
Slides
Challenges in Building a Flat-Bandwidth Memory Hierarchy for a Large-Scale Computer with Proximity Communication
R. Drost, C. Forrest, B. Guenin, R. Ho, A. Krishnamoorthy, D. Cohen, J. Cunningham, B. Tourancheau, A. Zingher, A. Chow, G. Lauterbach, I. Sutherland
In Proceedings
Modeling Coordinated Checkpointing for Large-Scale Supercomputers
G. Wang, K. Pattabiraman, Z. Kalbarcyzk, R. Iyer, C. Vick, L. Votta, A. Wood
In Proceedings
Multi-Tier Checkpointing for Peta-Scale Systems
A. Wood, S. Nathan, T. Tsai, C. Vick, L. Votta, A. Vetteth
Conference Publication
New division algorithms by digit recurrence
J. Ebergen, I. Sutherland, A. Chakraborty
Article
Challenges and potentials for multiterabit-per-second optical transceivers
A. Krishnamoorthy, D. Huang, T. Sze, R. Drost, R. Ho, H. Davidson, R. Lytel
Slides
Transistor sizing: how to control the speed and energy consumption of a circuit
J. Ebergen, J. Gainsley, P. Cunningham
Article
Implementation of a third-generation 1.1-GHz 64-bit microprocessor
G. Konstadinidis, K. Normoyle, S. Wong, S. Bhutani, H. Stuimer, T. Johnson, A. Smith, D. Cheung, F. Romano, S. Yu, S. Oh, V. Melamed, S. Narayanan, D. Bunsey, C. Khieu, K.J. Wu, R. Schmitt, A. Dumlao, M. Sutera, J. Chau, K.J. Lin
Technical Report
Duchess Chips for Process-Specific Wire Capacitance Characterization, The
Jon Lexau, Jonathan Gainsley, Ann Coulthard, Ivan E. Sutherland
Technical Report
The Duchess chips for process-specific wire capacitance characterization
A. Coulthard, J. Gainsley, J. Lexau, I. Sutherland
Slides
FLEETzero: an asynchronous switching experiment
W. Coates, J. Lexau, I. Jones, S. Fairbanks, I. Sutherland
Slides
DUDES: a fault abstraction and collapsing framework for asynchronous circuits
P. Shirvani, S. Mitra, J. Ebergen, M. Roncken
Slides
A counterflow pipeline experiment
W. Coates, J. Ebergen, J. Lexau, S. Fairbanks, I. Jones, A. Ridgway, D. Harris, I. Sutherland
In Proceedings
Two FIFO ring performance experiments
C. Molnar, I. Jones, W. Coates, J. Lexau, S. Fairbanks, I. Sutherland
Article
Modeling and comparing CMOS implementations of the C-element
M. Shams, J. Ebergen, M. Elmasry
Slides
Logical Effort: Designing for speed on the back of an envelope
Ivan Sutherland, Bob Sproull, D. Harris
Slides
Predicting performance of micropipelines using Charlie diagrams
J. Ebergen, S. Fairbanks, I. Sutherland
In Proceedings
A FIFO data switch design experiment
W. Coates, J. Lexau, I. Jones, S. Fairbanks, I. Sutherland
In Proceedings
Logical Effort: Designing for speed on the back of an envelope
I. Sutherland, B. Sproull
Conference Publication
A comparison of CMOS implementations of an asynchronous circuits primitive: the C-element
M. Shams, J. Ebergen, M. Elmasry
Conference Publication
A comparison of codebook generation techniques for vector quantization
R. Sproull, I. Sutherland
Article
A shared memory computer display system
N. Ball, H. Foster, W. Long, I. Sutherland, R. Wigington